Manufacture and packeting of detonators



April. 14, 1942. c. R. JOHNSON ETAL 2,279,323

I MANUFACTURE AND PACKETING OF DETONATORS Filed May 17, 1940 ll Sheets-Sheet 1 WITNESSES: INVENTORS:

mama/ Charles 1247011115011 &

BY Edward iifimghmn ATTORNEYS.

April14, 1942. c. R. JOHNSON ETAL 2,279,323

MANUFACTURE AND PACKE'IIING' OF DETONATORS Filed may 17, 1940 Y 11 Sheets-Sheet 2 201 F ai IQ w m a g WITNESSES: Pg N INVENTORS:

" 5 Charles RJoimson 5:.

Y Edward ifb'auyizmarg Q Q "HQQ ATTORNEYS.

April 14, 1942. c. R.- JOHNSON ETAL MANUFACTURE AND PACKEI'ING 0F DETONATORS Filed May 17, 1940 11 Sheets-Sheet '3 &

mm M Vo 0 WJ w RH. A S

April 14, 1942. c. R. JOHNSON E TAL 2,279,323

MANUFACTURE AND PACKETING 0F DEToNA'rdRs Filed May 17, 1940 11 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fla. 4L

IVENTORSI Charles liifihnso'n Z4 v Edward iiBmyhmz/m,

WITNESSES: 73

ATTpRNEYs.

April 14, 1942- c. R. JOHNSON ETAL 2,279,323

MANUFACTURE AND PACKETING OF DETONATORS Filed May 17, 1940 11 Sheets-Shet 5 Hh'i ' INVENTORSI I Charles 111. Jbimson 5: fidwari 21. [fuzzy/mm];

ATTORNEYS.

- April 14, 1942.

C. R. JOHNSON ET AL MANUFACTURE AND PACKETING OF DETONATORS 11 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed May 1'7. 1940 IN VEN T0R5 Zea JLJ QNL rd iZ'Bauyimzan l TmRNEYs.

April 14, 1942.

C. R. JOHNSON ETAL MANUFACTURE AND PACKETING-OF DETONATORS Filed May 17, 1940 11 Sheets-Sheet 7 an mmm n h M W00 0 WJ w E m A MM CE y B Q W1 TNESSES:

April 1942- c. R. JOHNSON ETAL I ,279,323

MANUFACTURE AND PACKETING OF DETONATORS Filed May 17, 1940 11 Sheets-Sheet 8 K 171 172 I X 176 2 pm 1;! Z 175 ,1 175 WITNESSES: cm ngpgroas: 8

I r 0 21.5021 i'dward iffiaugi zman,

ATT 0RNE s.

April 1942. c. R. JOHNSON ET AL. 2,279,323 Q MANUFACTURE AND PACKETING OF DE'I'ONATORS Filed May 17, 1940 ll Sheets-Sheet 9 WITNESSES: INVENTORS:

Charles iiiJbhnson 61.

Edward 71. Bauyhmam,

April 14, 1942. c. R. JOHNSON ET AL 2,279,323

I MANUFACTURE AND PACKETING OF DETONATORS Filed May 17, 1940 11 Sheets-Sheet 10 WITNESSES: INVENTORSI g Charles ii. Johnson 23 BY Edward 715 Bauyhman, 7

11M 3 P? W Patented Apr. 14, 1942 MANUFACTURE AND PACKETING OF DETONATORS Charles R. Johnson, Glen Mills, Pa., and Edward H. Baughman, Wilmington, Del., assignors to E. I. du Pont de Nemours mington, Del., a corporation & Company, Wil-. of Delaware Application May 17,1940, Serial No. 335,740

46 Claims.

This invention relates to the manufacture and packeting of detonators or blasting caps, which includes the winding of the detonator leads into suitable coils or skeins, and various operations on the leads. In some of its features, the invention may be adapted and extended to the manufacture and packeting of other devices, or to the coiling of wires or the like for various purposesthough we have hereinafter explained it with particular reference to detonators or electric blasting caps- The usual detonator or blasting cap consists of a charge of very powerful and sensitive explosive, such as mercury fulminate, packed in a metal shell or cap around a fine bridg'ewire, which is connected between long insulated lead wires, some four to twelve feet long, more or less. It is very important that the electric circuit resistance of a detonator through its leads and bridgewire should meet carefully determined and exacting specifications, so that detonators shall fire reliably on their rated firing current; for a detonator that does not fire cannot safely be replaced with another detonator; and yet the unfired charge of dynamite in the rock or structure to be blasted is far too dangerous to be left undealt with. Because of the limited energy available for firing detonators from batteries of dry cells (in places often remote from power lines), their bridgewires have to be very fine and delicate, so that the charging and packing of fulminate or the like around the bridgewires is a delicate operation--to say nothing of the sensitiveness of the fulminate, and the danger of accidentally setting it off during all stages of the charging, completion, and packeting of the detonators. In practice, it has been found advisable to attach the bridgewires directly to the very same long insulated copper wires that are used as leads, since detonator leads with mechanically formed joints in them would give a circuit of uncertain integrity and electrical resistance; while the making of autogenous or welded lead joints after the detonators had been charged with explosive would be likely to give rise to explosions.

The possibility of accidental explosion of detonators is a' very serious hazard; for while the quantity of explosive in a detonator is small, yet to fire dynamite reliably it has to be so powerful that explosion of a single detonator may blow a persons hand off, and simultaneousexplosion of a bunch of detonators may inflict a fatal injury.

The considerable length of the detonator leads compact form, to make a package suitable for shipment, etc. This is usually an elongated coil or skein, and preferably of the figure 8 type; because this form of coil is easily unwound or straightened, by a simple pull, without kinking the wires. For various reasons; it has been found inadvisable to wind or coil the leads before attaching the bridgewire to them and associating the parts with the charge of explosive; and so the leads are generally coiled or wound when already attached to the charged detonator, and certain other operations are also performed on them when attached to the detonator: such as cutting them to exact length, and stripping insulation from their ends; testing the electrical resistance ofthe detonator circuit, by connections temporarily made to the stripped lead ends; protectively sheathing and/or interconnecting the stripped lead ends, as a precaution against accidental firing of the detonator; and banding the coiled detonator around its middle with a securing band or the like. Performed by hand, these operations are necessarily slow and expensive, and are attended with serious'risk 'of injury to workers from accidental explosions.

An important object of this invention is to facilitate, expedite, and cheapen the manufacture of suchdevices, and especially the winding and packeting operations. In the case of detonators or other explosive devices, we also aim to obviate or minimize the risk of accidental explosions, and of injuries to workers. The invention involves noveltyin method, as well as novelmachinery and mechanisms for various operations. It will be understood, of course, that various' operations or mechanisms hereinafter described may be used either separately or in conjunction with operations or mechanisms different from those here shown associated with them.

In a preferred mode of carrying out our invention, as hereinafter described, we at first wind up the detonator leads only partially into a skein, leaving the lead ends on which work remains to be performed extended beyond the skein. This is done on a winding form having spaced-apart members which may extend horizontal through the bends of the skein as it is wound, while the detonator cap attached to the leads is preferably makes it necessary to wind them up into some held by a holder on the form. The winding operation can be carried out automatically in such a way that the pull or tension on the leads in winding is taken by the supporting members of the form, without any danger of pulling the leads out of the charged detonator. All pulls exerted on the lead wire ends during the subsequent work done on them may likewise be taken and 511sthe skein, which is thereby completed.

In the machine here illustrated and described,

winding or coiling devices are provided for winding up the leads of a number of detonators more or less concurrently, or in overlapping sequencein other words, in relations of partial concurrence. This allows of turning out the coils or skeins at a desirably rapid rate while doing all the work on them comparatively slowly, which is very desirable in order to obviate or minimize risks of accidental explosions. The coiling devices may be arranged to travel past a point of loading where detonators with leads to be wound are applied to them, and past a point of ejection where the wound coils or skeins are removed from the coiling devices. In the particular machine here illustrated and described, the movable carrier for the winding devices is in the nature of a revolving turret.

been done on the ex. bent or wound up to Various other features and advantages of the I invention will appear from the following description of a species or form of embodiment, and from the drawings. All the features and combinations shown or described are of our invention, so far as they are novel.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a perspective or tilted view of a coiling machine or unit suitable for the purposes of the invention; Fig. 2 shows a vertical section through the machine taken as indicated by the line and arrows 2-2 in Fig; 3,

certain parts being omitted; and Fig. 3 is a plan view of this machine or unit with the' top cover shown in Figs. 1 and 2 removed.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken as indicated by the line and arrows 4-4 in Fig.

3, illustrating-parts at their positionswhen detonators whose leads are to be wound up are inserted in the machine; Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the principal parts illustrated in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view taken as indicated by the line and arrows G6 in Fig. 3, showing some parts in vertical section and illustrating a more advanced stage in the winding than that shown in Fig. 5; and Fig. '7 is a partly sectional view taken as indicated by the line and arrows 1-1 in Fig. 3, showing a completely wound skein ready to be ejected from the winding machine or unit.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of guide and holding means for controlling the winding of the detonator leads, with certain parts in horizontal section substantially as indicated by the line and arrows 8-8 in Fig. Fig. 9 is a corresponding bottom plan view; Fig. 10 is a vertical sectional view, taken substantially as indicated by the line and arrows Ill-l0 in Fig. 9; and Figs. 11 and 12 are tilted or perspective views of certain parts shown in Figs. 8-10.

Fig. 13 is a plan view of the main frame and table of the machine and various associated parts, with the revolving turret or carrier removed, illustrating the actuation of certain parts; Fig. 14 is a fragmentary side view of certain driving mechanisms, with the table in horizontal section; Fig. 15 is a fragmentary partly sectional view taken as int icated by the line and arrows I5-l5 in Fig. 3, illustrating an arrangement for throwing a coiling device of the machine out of action; and Fig. 16 is a view at right angles to Fig. 15, partly sectional, taken as indicated by the line and arrows |6-|6 ip Fig. 15. h

Fig. 1'? is a plan view of parts and mechanism below the table, some in horizontal section, illustrating certain driving mechanism, and especially that for the ejector of the machine; Fig. 18'

,mounted on a framework 42, Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

The coiling or winding devices 40. are spaced at uniform and .fairly close intervals around the circumference of the turret 4|, but are preferably separated by metal septa or shields 43 projecting from the structure 4|, to prevent accidental explosion of one detonator d from setting off any of the neighboring detonators. As indicated in Figs. 1, 2, and 5, each of the devices may be carried by a detachable flanged portion or section 44 of the structure 4|, removable therefrom as a unitas more fully explained hereinafter. The particular machine here illustrated has twenty of the coiling devices 40; but a greater or less number of such devices might of course be provided. Presented at the outer side of the wall of the turret 4|, coiling devices 40 are advantageously operated by mechanism inside or behind the wall, or in the subjacent frame work 42, as explained hereinafter.

I Adjacent the winding machine. is shown a slop-. ing trough or tray 45 containing a supply of the detonators d, with their (straight) lead wires 1 Z, Z lying side by side. In Fig. 1, three of the the trough 45. Provisions may be made for moving the structure 4| to bring its coiling devices 40 successively to convenient positions for the introduction or application of detonators from the supply at 45 to said coiling devices, and for the removal of the wound coils or skeins.

As shown in Figs. 1, 2, 4, and 5, each of the winding devices 40 comprises a winding head or form'50, with spaced-apart wire-engaging and bending members or pins 5|, 52, and coacting wire-guiding and holding means 53.. Both the form and the guide 53 are presented at the outer side of the corresponding portion 44 of the turretwall. As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the members or pins 5|; 52 are adjustable toward and from one another to vary the length of the coil or skein wound on them, being mounted in blocks 54 which slide in the forked ends of the form member 55, and can be secured inany desired positions by clamping bolts 56.. The form also tions 60, 60 thereof) are preferably made resilient, and spaced to hold the cap d lightly but firmly between them, with a yielding spring pressure; One of the pins 5|, 52 '(the pin 52 as shown) may have an elastic friction surface at its outer side-shown as a ridge 62 formed by a strip of elastic vulcanized rubber inset in the pin-to assist in holding the convolutionsof leads Z, Z having a polished of slick insulative covering-such as ethyl cellulose, which has a very low coefficient of friction.

The figure-8 winding of the leads 1, l is effected most advantageously by oscillation of the form 5|) through an angle of substantially 180 about a (hollow) axis or shaft 63 (which is attached to the form 5|) between its pins 5|, 52, and is mounted in a rotational bearing on the turret section 44), so as to interchange the general positions of the pins, and by correlative to and fro movements or reciprocation of the guide 53 in substantially the general direction of the axis 63, in-

ward and outward toward and from the form.

Such inward and outward movements may be periodically imparted tov the guide 53 by an operator rod 64 that extends through a slide-bearing on the turret wall portion 44 to the inner side of the wall. By timing, these movements so that the half-reciprocation's of the guide 53 alternate with the half-oscillations of the form 50 and its pins 5|, 52, the pair of leads I, Z are bent around the pins and laid between them in a figure-8, as

will readily be seen from study and comparison of Figs. 1, 4, 5, and 6; and thus skeins of figure-8 convolutions of the Wires Z. Z are wound on the form 5|]. For reasons which will appear hereinafter, the winding pins 5|, 52 and the axis of 40 oscillation 63 preferably extend substantially horizontally, crosswise of the path of movement of the winding devices) with the carrier turret 4|, and radially of the latter; and the normal positions (of rest or hesitation) of the form 50 between its half-oscillations is substantially sloping, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5, rather than verf tical. The line of to and fro motion of the guide 53 and the rod 64 is preferably below the form 50, in a vertical plane that normally lies in the interval between the pins 5|, 52, and substantially corresponds with the axis of oscillation. 63 andthe rod 64. In general, the slope of the winding forms 5|) when stationary should be substantial,

and not less than about 15, in order to assure' proper laying of the wires Z, 1 between the winding pins 5|, 52 during the inward movement of the guides 53; and it may be as much as 45 or even more. Experience has shown that an angle of about 28 is particularly advantageous.

As best shown in Figs. 1, 4, 5, 6, and 8, and as already briefly explained, the guide 53 holds the leads I, Z in proper position relative to the winding members or pins 5|, 52 of the form 58 at all times, and also shifts the leads I, Z outward beyond the ends of the lower winding pin to let the latter pass behind the leads during the altemating rotary movement. In the machine here illustrated, this guide 53 also serves to impose and.

drawn through the guide by the motions of the 7'5 pins 5|, 52. Experience has shown that a tension of about 3 pounds on each wire 1, 1 usually gives good results. For this purpose, the guide 53 may be constructed with clamp and friction jaws 65, 66, 65, arranged and mounted side-by-side to hold and grip the two leads Z, l of the detonator d separately and yieldingly, with an elastic pressure exerted by a helical spring 61, Figs. 1, 4, 5,

9, 10, 11. By elastically gripping the wires Z, Z separately, proper tension on both of them is assured'during winding, regardless of inequalities in the sizes of the wires-either relative to one another, or individually. As shown in Figs. 5, 9, l0, and 11, the jaw 66 lies between the two leads Z, Z and forms part of a T-shaped guide body 68 of the device 53, best shown in Fig. 11, while the jaws 65, 65 press the leads against the opposite sides of the jaw 66 and are pivoted to said body 68 by short shafts 69, 69. The openings of the jaws 65, 66, 65 are sown as presented outward, away from the form 50 and the turret 4|, for sidewise insertion and withdrawal of the wires'l, Z. For reasons that are explained hereinafter, the guide body 68 is preferably pivoted to the part 10 (through which the rod 64 actuates it) about an axis H between the clamps for the two wires 1, I that extends in the general direction of the form axis 63, so that the whole guide 53 can turn or rock in a corresponding (nearly) vertical plane relative .to said part 1|), as best shown in Fig. 10.

As shown in Figs. 5, 8, and 10, the spring 61 does not act directly on either jaw 65, but on an associated channeled and forked part 12 (best shown in Fig. 12) which ispivoted at 69 (about at mid-length) to the body 68, coaxially with'the corresponding jaw 65, and carries an adjustable abutment-screw 13 in its outer end (with locknut 14) for engaging the back of said jaw 65, Fig. 5. As shown in Figs. 5, 8, 9, and 10, the spring 61 acts in compression between socketed followers l6, l6 pivoted at 11, 11 to the forked inner ends of the parts 12, '12.

As'shown in Figs. -5, 9, andlO, the parts 12, 12 are keyed fast to-the pivot shafts 69, 69 (at 18, 18 to turn with them, and actuating rock-arms 80, Ware-keyed fast (at 8|, 8|) to the lower ends of each of the shafts 69, 69. The rounded outer ends of the rocker arms 80, 8|] lie in the path of a plunger 82 that slides lengthwise in a bearing in the part [0 below the pivot 1|. As shown in Figs. 1, 5, and 12, each of the parts l2, 12 has guard projections 83, 84 which overlap the outer ends of the jaws and retain the leads I, Zin proper positions while the leads are being coiled, but which are retracted out of the way (by the action of the plunger 82 on the rockarms 89) as shown in Figs. 8 and 9 when the leads are to be initially inserted between the jawsi. 12., when the detonator d is detachably mounted on the winding form 50, in its holder 51. The outer ends of the jaws 65, 66, 65 may be reduced and rounded to facilitate this sidewise insertion of the leads I, Z. As shown in Figs. 5, 10, and 11, the positions of the leads I, l in the clamps 65, 66, 65 when inserted are determined by the edges of a stop piece 85 secured to the guide body 68, against which the leads are held by the guards 83, 84 associated with the clamp jaws. The edges of this piece 85 against which the leads Z, I lie are shown offset in the general direction of 'the form axis 63 relative to one another, Figs. 5, 9, and 11, and the edges of the guards which coact with this part 85 are shown similarly offset, Fig. 5, so that the leads l are held at different positions lengthwise of the pins 5|, 02 and of the axis 88, Fig. 4, and are caused to wind side-by-side on the pins, in the same relative positions all their convolutions. When the parts 12, 12 a retracted, the spring 61 isof course ineifective; but the jaws 65, 65 may then nevertheless be yieldingly held together on the leads 1, l and against the jaw 66 by suitable means. such as a helical tension spring 86 extending through holes mall the jaws and connected to pins 81, 81 hearing against the outer sides of the jaws 65, 65. This condition is illustrated in Fig. 9, which shows positions of the leads 1, I just after their insertion in the clamps 65, 66, 65. before they have been pressed back against the stop 85 by closure of the guards 88, 84, Fig.

5. As shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the jaws 65, 65 have pins 88, 88 in their outer ends, and the projections 84, 84 of the parts 12, 12 have hook-lugs on their outer ends to engage these pins and open the jaws 65, 65, for withdrawal of the leads I, l sidewise from the guide 58. v

The operation of the plunger 82 and the actuation of the parts 12, 12 thereby are explained hereinafter.

The guide 53 has hitherto been referred'to as if it were moved to and fro in a strictly radial direction by the operating rod 84. Such a movement would, of course, vary the length of lead wires 1, 1 extending from the winding pin 52 (or 5|) then uppermost to the tension clamps of the guide 53: i. e., at the outer extreme of movement in Fig. 6, the length of the wire drawn through the clamps and extending between, them and the upper pin would be greater than at the inner position of the guide shown in'Fig. 4; so that when the guide next returned inward, the wire would hang slack between the upper pin and the clamps. As a result of this, the leads 1, I would not be wound up regularly and uniformly, so as to produce uniform and well-formed skeins or hanks; furthermore, the slack lead wires might often fall on the wrong side of the lower pin 5| (or 52) when the guide 53 moved inward.

To obviate this, we provide for taking up the.

For this purpose, as shown in Figs. 1, 4, 5, and 6,

the crosshead-like part (to which the; guide body 88 is pivoted at 1|) may be mounted to swing in a substantially radial plane about an axis substantially at the level of or in line with the uppermost pin 52 (or 5|) when this pin is at the extreme of its movement which is further from the guide, as by mounting said part 10 on supporting link-rods 90 pivoted at 9| to lugs on the turret section 44. With link-rods 90 proportioned as shown, the distanc from the upper winding pin 5| (or 52) increases somewhat durture 4| is mounted for horizontal rotation, about 94 to a yoke-like part 85 fixed on the outer end of the rod- 64.

For removing or coils: from the form 50, the winding device 80 is shown (Figs. 4, 5,6, and-7) as provided with an ejector in the form. of a bar 86 that normally lies close in front of the form member 55, but,

ismovable along the winding pins 5|, 52 inthe general direction of the axis ti, and is preferably operated by an attached rod 81 extending (and movable lengthwise) through the wall portion 88 to its inner side, in the bore of said windingform axis 88-as indicated in Fig. 4. As best shown in Fig. 5, the ends vof the ejector bar 86 are apertured or forked to accommodate the pins SI, 52; and it is also apertured'at 88 to accom modate the cap-holder. 51. To assure release or ejection of the detonator cap d from the holder 51 when the skein s is ejected, the ejector bar 88 has a tongue 88 (preferably somewhat resilient or springy) that lies between the cap-holding flngerfi0, andacts to push the cap if out from between them when the wound coil or skein s of lead wires 1. l is ejected from the form. The periodic actuation of the ejector operator rod 81 flirt): inside the turret 8| will be described hereina r.

As shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 6, the turret strucan'upright axis, being fixed on the upper end of an upright shaft I00 revoluble in bearings in a hub IOI at the center of a horizontal table-like web I02 forming part of the frame 82. The carrier or turret 8| is shown as comprising a wheellike spider I03 whose radial spokes carry a rim I05 to which is attached adepending wall or skirt madeup of the flanged sections 44, Figs. 1, 4, v5, and 6, detachably bolted to the rim I05 and each carrying one of the winding devices 40. The spider I08 has an intermediate annular brace I06 interconnecting its spokes, which slope outward.

As one' suitable means for rotating the turret or carrier ll, there is shown in Figs. 2 and 3 a ing the inward movement of the tension clamp or guide 53. As shown in Fig. 5, the connection of the operating rod 68 to the part '10 that permits sidewise movement of the guide 53 relative to the-rod 88, as required by the swinging movement' of the part 10 and the guide, comprises worm and gear type of drive, comprising a series of rollers I01 mounted at regular intervals on the annular spider brace I86 and coacting (as gear teeth") with a wheel I08 (as the wofm) mounted on a horizontal shaft H0 driven by bevel gearing froman upright shaft III that is mounted in suitable bearings on the frame 42, and may be driven at uniform speed from any suitable source'of power. As will be seen from Fig. 3, the rollers I01 engage at either side of the rim or periphery of the wheel I08. The char act'er of the motion thus imparted to the'carrier II depends on the conformation of theperiphery or rim. of the wheel I00. AS shown in Figs. 2, 3,

and 13, the wheel I08 comprises a straight peripheral portion I I2 lying in a plane perpendicular to the shaft I I0 and extending about 270 around the shaft, and. a (curved) portion II8 lyin generally at an inclination to said plane and shaft, and extending substantially 90 around the shaft. This portion H8 is shown as peripherally grooved to receive between its flanges the rollers I61'on the spider I08. Accordingly, the carrier AI has an intermittent step-by-step rotation as the shaft III revolves uniformly. During its periods of rest the carrier I is definitely locked and fixed by the engagement of its rollers I01 short links a: pivoted at a: to the part in and at 56 with the straight portion H: of the rim of the wheel I88, notwithstanding the continued rotation of the wheel. By suitable design of the wheel I88, the stepsof movement or "indexing" ejectingthei wound skeins or of the carrier 4| may be made to correspond with the intervals between successive coiling devices 40 around the carrier. I

A removable protective conical sheet metal cover II covers the spider I 03.(and the parts beneath it) in Figs. 1 and 2, but is removed in Fig. 3 to reveal parts underneath the spider. The

parts beneath the turret 4| and the table I02 may also be enclosed and protected by a removable sheet metal casing I I6 around the frame 42.

In the operation of the winding machine or unit, detonator caps d from the supply at 45 are successively placed in the holders 51 of the winding forms 50 as the coiling devices 40 successively traverse and pause at the position or station marked A in Figs. 1, 3, 4, and 13. An attendant can do this very easily, by simply picking up a detonator cap d and drawing its leads I, Z to the right from the supply (Fig. 1) until there is a sufiicient free length of the leads I, Z, and then placing the cap d in the holder 51 at station A and training the leads Z,.Z up behind the upper pin 52 and around the latter and down in front of it behind the lower pin 5| (i. e., between the pins and below them) into the clamps 65, 66, 65, in which heinserts the leads sidewise-all as shown in Figs. 1, 4, 8, 9, 10. To permit this, the clamp parts 12, 12 are automatically retracted as each winding device 40 approaches the station A, by the actionof a stationary cam track H1 (attached to the table I02) on the plunger 82, Figs. 3, 4, 8, 9, and 13, thus releasing or relaxing the clamps and leaving the clamping jaws 65, 66, 65

free to open easily. As the coiling device 40 thus I loaded at A moves to the right in Fig. 1, its

plunger 82 leaves the cam H1, and the clamp parts 12, 12 are allowed to come together and impose the full gripping force of the spring 61 on the clamp jaws 65, 66, 65, while the portions 83, 83 and 84, 84 of said parts 12, 12 come in front of the leads Z, 1, as shown in Fig. 1 at station B, and in Fig. 5. 1

To facilitate the insertion of the leads 1, Z in the clamps 65, 66, 65 at or beyond station A, each guide 53 may be automatically levelled and held level during this portion of its travel, as by a horizontal cam track or rail I I8 extending from a point well in advance of station A to a point somewhat beyond station B, Figs. 1, 3, 4, 13, in

position to engage the underside of the ,guide 53or, more specifically, the rounded and projecting lower ends of the clamping jaw pivots 69, 69, as shown in Fig. 4. This cam-track H8 is 'shown as attached to the table 'I02 by bracket arms, and as having its leading ends bevelled or sloped downward to'facilitate the engagement of the guide 53 therewith; The rocking of the guide 53 relative to the part 'may be limited by shoulders I I9, I I9 on the part 10, arranged.

to engage the inner ends of the parts 12, 12, so as to prevent the guide from assuming positions that might make its proper engagement with the track, I I8 impossible. After each guide 53 leaves the far end of the cam track I I8, beyond station B, the guide is free to swivel about the axis 1| under the pull of the leads I, 1 due to the sidewise movements of the winding pins-5|, 52 as the forms 50 oscillate during the coiling operation at each station C, D, E, etc. This obviates the formation of bends in the leads 1, l adjacent the clamps 65, 66, 65, as would occur if the clamps remained in fixed position relative to the pivot 1|.

As the loaded coiling device travels on to the right (or counter-clockwise) with the movement of the carrier 4|, it operates to wind the 1 double reciprocation or out and in movement of each guide 53, in proper interrelation as hereinbefore described. The stations Q to T between the ejection station P and the loading station A are shown as idle stations, at which nothing is done;

Means for imparting oscillatory movement to the winding forms 50, are shown (especially in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 13, 14) as comprising a segmental bevel actuator gear I20 rotatably mounted for oscillation coaxially with the rotation of the carrier 4|, on an external bearing I2I on the hub II, and itself actuated by any suitable means, such as a constantly rotating cam I22 having a lateral groove in which is engaged a rollver I23 on an arm I24 attached to said gear I20.

bearing brackets I32 on the table I02 and. inbearings I33 that are carried by bridge-bars I34 supported from the table I02 by brackets I35, Figs. 2, 3, 6. As shown in Figs. 2 and 6, the shafts I3I drive the winding-form shafts 63 through (segmental) gears I36 and coactingpinions I31 on said shafts 63. The operating connection from each winding form to the inner side of the wall section 44 and the coacting oscillator I3I also comprises a short operator shaft I 38 (on which the segmental gear I36 is fixed) mounted in rotational bearings on the wall sec-' tion 44, and shown in Fig. 6 in axial alignment with an oscillator I3I. The parts -|36, I31, I38 revolve with the carrier 4|, while the oscillator shafts 'I3I remain stationary with the table I02.

When the shafts I3I and I38 are in line, they are coupled together by radially extending or diametral ridges I39 on the ends of the shafts I38 which engage in corresponding grooves in'the (enlarged) ends of the shafts I3I. For the normalpositions of rest of the winding forms shown in Figs. 1, 2, 6, the ridges I39 extend horizontally, in the plane of rotary movement of the shafts I38, so that each time the carrier 4| moves from station to station, Figs. 1 and 3, the ridge I39 of each shaft I 38 canslide through and leave the groove of one shaft |3|, and travel along into the groove of the next shaft I3I. As shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4, a bar or rail I40 extends annularly around the machine above the table I02, even with the ends of the shafts I3I (which revolve in openings in this bar), and has a groove -|4| that aligns with-thediametral grooves in the shaft ends when these latter grooves are horizontal; so that during the movements of the carrier 4|, the diametral ridges I39 of the shafts I 38 travel in the groove I4I, which thus locks the winding forms 50 against rotation except when the shafts I38 are in line with the shafts I3I. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the annular rail I40 is carried by brackets I42 attached to the bridge-bars I34.

When the wires 1, l to be wound are so short that they can be fully wound up before the final winding station N is reached, it may sometimes be desired to prevent operation of the coiling devices 40 at certain stations of the machine, or at least to prevent oscillation of the winding forms 50 at such stations. This may be done by interrupting the driving connection from gear I20 to shaft I38 through the oscillator shaft I3I; and for this purpose, each pinion I30is here shown (Figs. 2, 6, 15, 16) as splined on its shaft I3I to permit of shifting it axially out of mesh with gear I20, or vice-versa. The shifting means shown in Figs. 6, 15, 16 comprises a yoke-lever I44 that is fulcrumed on a bracket I45 attached to the table I02 and carries rollers I46, I46 engaging in a circumferential groove in the hub of the pinion I30.

As shown in Figs. 6, 15, 16, the bracket I45 has spaced lugs I41, I41 adapted to receive between them a lug I46 on the limb. of pinion I30 when the latter is thrown out of mesh, and thus hold the pinion and the shaft I3I in definite positions, while the yoke-lever I44 has at its upper end a lug I49 adapted to pass through a notch I50in a flange on the gear segment I20 when the latter is in proper position for meshing with the pinion I30. These arrangements insure that the pinion I30 shall always mesh properly with the gear I20, without clashing, and that the diametral groove in the end of shaft I3I shall always be aligned with the groove I4I in the rail I40 when required. For operating the shift lever I44, its lower end is connected by a link-rod I5I to a hand lever I52 fulcrumed on a bracket I53 on the table I02. As shown in Fi s. 6, 15, 16,

there is a spring-toggle arrangement for throwing the shift lever I44 to its extreme positions and holding it there, comprising arms I54, I54 on the shift lever I 44, a fixed arm I55 on the bracket I45, and a compression spring I56 mounted on a guide rod I51 pivoted to the bracket arm I55 and acting between the enlarged end of this rod and a block I56 sliding on it and pivoted between the ends of the lever I54, I54.

Means for imparting in and out movement to the lead wire guides 53 are shown (especially in Figs. 2, 5, 6, 13, 17) as comprising a segmental actuator gear I60 rotatably mounted for oscillation coaxially with the rotation of the carrier H, on a downward extension. I6I of the hub IOI below the table I02, and itself actuated by any suitable means, such as a constantly rotating cam I62 fast on the upright shaft III below the gear I21 and having a lateral groove in which is engaged a roller I63 on a slide-rod I64 connected at one end to a crank-arm I65 on the hub of said gear I60. As shown, the other end I66 of the slide-rod I64 is forked and engages around the shaft III, so that as the rod I64 moves lengthwise under the acting of the cam I62, it can also rock as required by the angular movement of the crank I65, Figs. 2 and 17. The segmental gear I60 meshes with pinions I61 on the lower ends of short, upright shafts I66 mounted in bearings on the table I02, and hav-' 1 ing rotatable (oscillating) eccentric-crank actuators I69 fixed on their upper ends, above the table I02. cranks I69 impart to and fro motion to reciprocator slides I1I in radial guideways I12 on the table I02, and these slides have transverse grooves l13for rollers I15 pivoted to the inner Through connecting rods I10, the

ends of the operating connections or rods 64 of the lead-wire guides 53. During the pauses in the movement of .the carrier 4|, when the rollers I15 are engaged in the grooves I13 of the actuating reciprocators I" as shown in Figs. 2, 6, 13, the latter reciprocate or move the winding guides 53 outward and inward, from and towardthe winding forms 50. During the movement of the carrier H, on the other hand, when the winding guides 53 are in their normal (inner) positions of rest shown in Figs. 2, 3,'and 13, the grooves I13 of the slides I1I align with the groove of an annularly extending guideway or trackway I16 fixed on the table I02; and as the carrier 4I moves, the rollers I15 of the several guides 53 slide through and leave the grooves I13, and travel in the guideway I16 from one slide IN to the next, so that the guides 53 are locked against such in and out movement.

As most clearly shown in Fig. 13, the guide or trackway I16 is not perfectly concentric with the axis of rotation of the carrier H, but is as a whole somewhat eccentric thereto, and somewhat irregular: viz., for about from station N to station S, it is concentric with the carrier and is at a maximum distance from the center; for less than 90, from station S past the loading station A to station 0, it slopes inward toward the center and reaches its minimum distance therefrom; and for more than 90, from station C to station N, its sections between successive slides I10 are further and further out from the center. It is in this latter portion of the travel of the carrier H, from station Cto station N, that winding of the leads 1, l on the forms 50 may be done; and

.it will be seen, therefore, that at these successive stations from C to N the convolutions of the leads will be laid on the winding pins SI, 52 further and further out. Thischange or shift of the inner limits of movement of the guides 53 relative to the forms 50 from station to station corresponds substantially to the diameter of the two lead wires 1, 1 that are laid on the pins 5|, 52 side by side at successiveconvolutions, so that a perfectly regular skein is produced. As shown in Fig. 13, the (double) throw 6 of the cranks I69 at the stations C to N is successively reduced in correspondence, substantially, with the location of the successive trackway sections I16 furtherand further out from the center, so that theouter limits of movement of the guides 53 relative to the forms 50 remain substantially the same.

In general, there is no objection to in and out motion of the guides 53 at stations after winding is completed, and no special provision is here illustrated for interrupting the drivin connections from pinions I61 to cranks I66 at an idle station-though this might of course be done, if desired, by disconnecting crank I63 or pinion I61 from shaft I66. when this is not done, a substantial angle of slope .of the form 50 (such as 28 or more) is especially advantageous, because it allows a wrap of the leads I, l more-than around the upper pin 52 (or 5|) at their bends from which the leads extend to the tension clamps or guide 53; and this obviates slippage or shifting'of the bends along the upper .pins when the guides 53 move inward and outward at the idle station.

In the usual operation of the coiling machine. the lead wire skeins s are ejected or transferred from the machine at the station P, so that it is not necessary for the ejectors 96 tooperate at any other points of their travel with the carrier 4I. On the contrary, provision may be made to lock the ejectors 96 against outward movement throughout the rest of their travel; and for this purpose, the ejector rods 91 are shown provided with heads or blocks I19 that engage behind an annular locking rail or track I80 (shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 6, '7) which extends practically all the way around the machine above the rail I40, with a gap at the station P (only) to permit operation of the ejectors there. The rail I80 may be supported by brackets I82 from the annular rail I40.

When each coiling device 40 pauses or halts with the carrier M at the station P, its ejector 96 is pushed outward and to the right by its rod 91 as .shown in Fig. '1, so as to push the wound skein s 011 the winding pins 5I, 52. To do this the rod 91 may be actuated from inside the turret 4| by a pusher or reciprocator I90 operated by one arm of a rocker-lever I9I fulcrumed on a bracket I92 attached to the rail I40, Figs. 7 and 18. As shown in Figs. 7, 18, and 19, the pusher I90 is a slide-block movable in radial uideways I93 attached to the rails I40 and I80, and having a transverse groove I94 in which the ejector-rod head I19 engages; and this block I90 has pivoted thereto a block I96 that slides in the slotted arm of the rocker I9I. For actuating the rocker I9I, there is shown in Figs. 7, 17, and 18 a cam I91 mounted on the upright shaft I below the table I02 andhaving a lateral groove I98. The cam I91 actuates the rocker I9I through a bell-crank rocker 200 whose pivot shaft 20I extends through the table I02 in a bearing sleeve 202 and whose upper arm above the table is connected to the rocker I9I by a link rod 203, while its lower arm below the table carries a roller 204 engaged in the cam groove I 98.

In removing or ejecting wound skeins from the coiling devices 40, it is desirable or necessary to release the downward extending end portions of the leads Z, I from the corresponding guides 53. For this purpose, the gripping or clamping jaws 65, 66, 65 of each guide 53 may be opened at station P as or just before its ejector rod 91 is operated by actuation of the plunger 82. As shown in Figs. 7, 18, and 20, this is done by a slide 209 movable in radial ways 2I0 on the table I02 and carrying an adjustable abutment screw 2 (with a lock-nut 2I2) for engaging the plunger 82, as well as a block 2I3 pivoted thereto. As shown, the block 2I3 slides in the slotted upper arm of a bell-crank rocker 2 whose pivot shaft 2J5 extends down through a bearing in the table. I02, Figs. 18 and 20. The rocker 2| 4 may be actuated by the cam I91 (already mentioned) through a link-rod connection 2I6 from its lower arm (below the table I02) to a lever ZI'I fulcrumed on the table I02 at 2I8 and carrying a roller 2 I9 that engages in the cam groove I98, Figs. 7, 14, '17, 18. To facilitate the disengagement of the downward entending leads I, I from the jaws 65. 66, 65, each guide 53 may be levelled and held level when it approaches and passes the station P, by means of a horizontal cam-track or rail 22I (similar to the track II8) attached to the table I02 by bracket arms 222, Figs. 2, '1, 13.

As hereinbefore set forth, the winding devices 40 have their component oscillatory forms and reciprocating guides 53 periodically operated (at each active station) from the shaft III, by the cams I22, I62 acting through the actuator gears I20, I and the oscillators I3I and reciprocators HI, and the carrier-actuating (or indexing) wheel I08 is driven from this shaft. From this same shaft I II is also driven the shaft I25 whence the skein-ejectors 96 are operated (at station P) by the cam I91,-which cam also opens the clamps 65, 66, 65 at this station. By suitable correlative design and setting of. the various cams and connections (as here illustrated) the forms 50 and guides 53 of the winding devices 40 are operated in suitable alternation or correlation with each otherat intervals in the movement of the rotary carrier 4|, and in definite relation thereto-to wind successive figure-8 convolutions during successive pauses in the (stepwise) carrier movement, and thus to periodically wind skeins of the desired number of such convolutions; and the ejectors 96 are successively operated, in correlation with the corresponding winding devices 40, to intermediately eject the wound skeins from said winding devices.

Between successive operations, during the movement of the carrier M, the winding devices 40 (forms 50 and guides 53) and ejectors 96 are locked against operation by the coaction of the trackways or rails I40, I16, I80, extending along adjacent the paths of movement of the corresponding operators I38, 64, 91, with these operators. These operators I30, 64, 91 are operatively connected to the corresponding oscillator I3I and the reciprocators I1I, I90, and disconnected therefrom, by their movement with the carrier. Not only are the clamps 65, 66, 65 of the guide 53 periodically opened or released at the station P by means of the cam I91, but they are also periodically released or relaxed by means of the cam track H1 at the place in their travel with the carrier H where they are passing the stations A, B. During their travel past the stations A, B, and P, also, the clamps 65, 66, 65 are levelled by the cam tracks II8 and 22I.

Having thus described our invention, we claim: 1. Winding mechanism of the character described comprising an oscillatory winding form having spaced winding members extending in the general direction of its axis of oscillation, and also having a detonator holder between said winding members; and a winding guide for the lead-wires vof a detonator in said holder movable'in the general direction of the said form axis from and toward the form, and including wire-holding jaws with their opening presented outward, away from the form, for sidewise insertion and withdrawal of the wires. 2. Winding mechanism of the character described comprising an oscillatory winding form with spaced winding members extending in the general direction of its axis of oscillation; and a detonator lead-wire guide for cooperating with said form movable in the general direction of said axis from and toward the form, and including means for holding lead-wires severally at different positions lengthwise of said winding members, so that in each convolution they shall be wound side-by-side on the 'members.

3. Winding mechanism of the character described comprising an oscillatory wire-winding form with'wire-engaging outer ends extending in the general direction of its axis of oscillation,

and a wire-winding guide for cooperating with said form movable in the general direction of said axis from and toward the form, with means for maintaining tension on the wire during winding thereof on the form by said guide, an outer wireengaging end of said form having a surface of elastic friction material for preventing sideslip along said end of a bend of wire therearound during movement of the winding guide away from the form.

4. Winding" mechanism of the character described comprising an oscillatory winding form with spaced winding members extending in the general direction of its axis of oscillation; and a wire winding guide for cooperating with said form movable in the general direction of the form axis from and toward the form, and including friction clamps for yieldingly gripping the wire to be wound and maintaining tension thereon during winding.

. 5. Winding mechanism of the character described comprising an oscillatory winding form with spaced winding members extending in the general direction of its axis of oscillation; and a detonator lead-wire guide for cooperating with said form movable in the general direction of said axis from and toward the form, and including clamps for separately and yieldingly gripping the lead-wires and thus assuring proper tension on both of them during winding, regardless of in.- equalities in the sizes of the wires.

6. Winding mechanism of the character described comprising an oscillatory winding form having spaced winding members extending in the general direction of its axis of oscillation, and also having a detonator holder between said winding members; and a winding guide for the lead-wires of a detonator in said holder movable in the general direction of the said form axis from and toward the form, and including clamps for separately and yieldingly gripping the leadwires at different positions lengthwise of said winding members and causing them to wind side-by-side on the members with proper tension on both wires, said clamps presenting their openings outward, away from the form, for sidewise insertion and withdrawal of the wires.

7. Winding mechanism of the character described comprising an oscillatory winding form with Spaced winding members extending in the general direction of its axis of oscillation: and a winding guide for cooperating with said form movable in the general direction of said axis from and toward the form, and including wire-clamping jaws with their opening presented outward in said direction, away from the form, stop means associated with said jaws for limiting insertion of wire sidewise into them, and means also associated with said jaws for holding the wire in the jaws substantially against said stop means.

8. Winding mechanism of the character described comprising an oscillatory winding form with spaced winding members extending in the general direction of its axis of oscillation; and a detonator lead-wire guidefor cooperating with said form movable in the general direction of said axis from and toward the term, and including tension clamps, for yieldingly and separately ripping the lead-wires, mounted side-by-side -and rockable about an axis between them that eigsends in the general direction of'said form a 9. Winding mechanism of the character described, for winding figure-8 skeins, comprising an oscillatory winding form with its axis of oscillation extending horizontally, and with a pair of spaced-apart winding members extending in the general direction of said axis at opposite sides lation extending horizontally, and with a pair of spaced-apart winding members extending in the general direction of said axis at opposite sides thereof, and lying on a substantial slope at one extreme of the oscillation of the form; and a detonator lead-wire guide below the form movable in the general direction of said axis from and toward the form, in a vertical plane that lies between said winding members of the form when the form is at said extreme of its oscillation, and including tension clamps, for yieldingly and separately gripping the lead-wires at different positions in the general direction of said axis, mounted side by side and rockable about an axis between them that extends in the general direction of said axis.

11. Winding mechanism of the character described comprising an oscillatory winding form with spaced winding members extending in the general direction of its axis of oscillation; a winding guide for cooperating with said form movable in the general direction of said axis from and toward the form, and comprising frictionclamps for yieldingly gripping wire to be wound on the form; and means for maintaining said guide at substantially constant distance from the winding member towhich thewire extends from said guide, during the inward movement of the guide toward the winding form.

12. Winding mechanism of the character described comprising an oscillatory winding form with spaced winding members extending in the general direction of its axis of oscillation; a winding guide for cooperating with said form; a swinging support for said winding guide pivoted about an axis substantially in line with a winding member of the form, when such member is at the extreme of its movement which isfurtherfrom the guide; and an operator for said winding guide movable in the general direction of said axis, from and toward the form, with means of connection between said operator and said guide-support permitting movement of the guide sidewise relative to its said operator.

13. Winding mechanism of the character described comprising an oscillatory winding form having spaced winding members extending in the general direction of its axis of oscillation, and also having a detonator holder; a winding guide for the lead-wires of a detonator in said holder movable in the general direction of said axis from and toward the form; and a coil or skein ejector associated with said winding form movable in the direction of its winding members, and provided with means for releasing the detonator from said holder when ejecting the wound coil or skein of its lead-wires from the form.

14. In winding mechanism of the character described, the combination of an oscillatory winding form having spaced winding members extending in the general direction of its axis of oscillation; a winding guide for cooperating with said -winding form movable in the general direction of said axis from and toward the form; a skein ejector associated with said winding form movable in the direction of its winding members; means for oscillating said winding form and moving said guide to and fro, to wind figure-8 skein convolutions on said form; and means for periodically actuating said ejector to eject wound skeins from said form.

15. In a winding mechanism of the character described, the combination of an oscillatory winding form having its axis of oscillation horizontal and having a pair of spaced winding members extending in the general direction of its said axis at opposite sides thereof, and lying on a substantial slope at one extreme of the oscillation of the form, and also having a detonator holder; a'winding guide for cooperating with said winding form movable from and toward the form below the same in the general direction of its said axis, in a vertical plane that lies between said winding members when the form is at said extreme of its oscillation, and including tension clamps for yieldingly and separately gripping the lead-wires of detonators in said holder at different positions lengthwise of said winding members, said clamps being mounted side by side and rockable about an axis between them that extends in the general direction of said form axis, and presenting their opening outward in said direction, away from the form; means for maintaining said guide and clamps at substantially constant distance from the winding member to which the wire extends from the inward movement of the guide and clamps toward the winding form; a skein ejector associated with said winding form movable in the direction of its said winding members, and provided with means for releasing a detonator from said holder; means for oscillating said winding form and moving said guide as aforesaid, to wind lead-wires of detonators in said holder into skeins of figure-8 convolutions on said form; and means for periodically operating said ejector to eject wound skeins and their detonators from said winding form and detonator holder.

16. In winding mechanism of the character described, the combination of an oscillatory winding form with spaced winding members extending in the general direction of its axis of oscillation:

tension clamping means for the wire to be wound movable in the general direction of said axis from and toward the form, and opening outward 4 in said direction, away from the form, when opened; a skein ejector associated with said winding form and movable in the direction of its winding members; meansfor periodically oscillating said winding form and moving said tension clamping means as aforesaid, to wind figure- 8 convolutions on said form; means for periodically operating said ejector to eject wound skeins from said form; and means for opening said clamping means during the operation of said ejector.

17. In winding mechanism of the character described, the combination of an oscillatory winding form having spaced Winding members extending in the general direction of its axis of oscillation, and also having a detonator holder; a winding guide for cooperating with said winding form movable in the general direction of said axis, from and toward the form, and including tension clamps, for yieldingly and separately gripping the lead-wires of detonators in said holder, mounted side-by-side and rockable about an axis between them that extends in the general direction of said form axis; means for maintaining said clamps at substantially constant dissaid guide, during tance from the winding member to which the wire extends from said clamps, during the inward movement of the guide and clamps toward the winding form; a skein ejector associated with said winding form movable in the general direction of its winding members, and provided with means for releasing a .detonator from said holder; means for oscillating said winding form and moving said guide as aforesaid, to wind leadwires into skeins of figure-8 convolutions on said form; means for periodically operating said ejector to eject would skeins and their detonators from said winding form and detonator holder; means for periodically releasing said clamps for insertion and ejection of detonator lead-wires;

and means for bringing said clamps to definite angular positions when released.

18. In a winding machine of the character described, the combination with a supporting wall portion of the machine, of a winding device thereon constructed to wind figure-B skeins and including an oscillatory winding form presented at the outer side of said wall portion and having a shaft mounted in a rotational bearing on said wall portion, with an operating connection to its inner side, and a reciprocatory Winding guide presented, at the outer side of said wall portion, for coacting with said winding form, and movable in the general direction of the shaft axis, with an operator for said guide mounted in a slide-bearing on said wall portion and extending to its inner side.

19. In a winding machine of the character described, the combination with a supporting wall portion of the machine, of a winding device thereon constructed to wind figure-8 skeins and including an oscillatory winding form and a reciprocatory winding guide for coacting therewith, both presented at the outer side of said wall portion, and provided, respectively, with oscillating and reciprocating operating means extending through said wall portion to its inner side and having engagement means forsliding engage ment with coacting actuating parts of the ma chine behind said wall portion.

20. In a winding machine of the character described, the combination with a supporting wall portion of the machine, of a winding device thereon constructed to wind figure- 8 skeins and including an oscillatory winding form presented at the outer side of said wall portion and having a shaft axis mounted in a rotational bearingon said wall portion, with an operating connection to its inner side; a reciprocatory winding guide presented at the outer side of said wall portion, for coacting with said winding form, and movable in the general direction of said shaft axis, with an operator for said guide mounted in a slide-bearing on said wall portion and extending.

to its inner side; a swinging support carrying said winding guide pivoted to said wall portion of the machine-above said shaft axis and substantially in line with a wire-bending portion of the form when said form portion is at the extreme of its movement which is further from the guide; and means of connection between said operator and said guide permitting movement of the guide sidewise relative to the operator.

21. In a winding machine of the character described, the combination with a supporting wall portion of the machine, of a winding device thereon constructed to wind figure-8 skeins and including an oscillatory winding form and a reciprocatory winding guide for coacting therewith, presented at the 'outer side of said wall 

